LGS Hazırlık Merkezi

SCHOOL LIFE & EDUCATION Sub-themes: school events and celebrations (sports “national days and celebrations” Vocabulary for school events and celebrations (sports Nouns: A goal Verbs: To perform Adjectives: Able Adverbs: Actually. Vocabulary for developing the environment Nouns: The environment Verbs: To care Adjectives: Responsible Adverbs: Responsibly *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural Obligation with must: (You must respect the environment and plant trees to keep the area clean) Prohibition with mustn’t: (Students mustn’t drop litter during school celebrations) “Must” vs have to: (I must eat something. I have to pass an English test) “Can” to ask for permission: (Can I leave now?) “Can” for possibility: (Volunteers can plant trees to protect the environment.) Question tags for modals: (You must care for the environment Use of the Simple Present Tense vs Present Progressive Tense: Distinguishing regular actions Use of “must” (obligation): Expressing necessity or duty Use of “mustn’t” (prohibition): Expressing prohibition or restrictions Use of “must” vs “have to”: Expressing strong internal obligation and expressing external obligation Use of “can” (permission): Requesting permission Use of “can” (possibility): Expressing ability or possibility Our new project will be world class! Think outside the box to come up with a creative idea! It’s hard to keep my head above the water with all these exams! Intonation of positive statements

CLASSROOM LIFE & LEARNING Sub-themes: preferences for different learning activities Vocabulary for preferences for different learning activities Nouns: Background Verbs: To achieve Adjectives: Ideal Adverbs: Well (all right) Preposition: According to Vocabulary for preferences for different learning technologies Nouns: A comment Verbs: To save Adjectives: Necessary *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” “Festival of Sacrifice (Eid-al-Adha)” *Local Cultural The Simple Present Tense for the Future: (Students present their essays tomorrow in the lecture hall) The Present Progressive Tense for the Future: (The instructor is presenting a lecture on educational strategies next week) “Can” for ability: (He can save the document to the network effortlessly) “Can’t” for ability: (They can’t succeed in completing the assignment without further explanation) “Have to” for obligations in Present: (She has to save all related documents for her assignment today) “Had to” for obligations in the Past: (They had to download the educational material last night) Necessity with “Need”: (You need to set the diagram in the most suitable format for the presentation) “Needn’t” for permission: (You needn’t present your assignment in this complex setting) Question Tags for “Modals”: (Students can download the document easily Use of the Simple Present Tense for the Future: Describing scheduled or planned (timetabled) actions in the future Use of the Present Progressive Tense for the Future: Indicating fixed arrangements or actions already planned for the future Use of “can” for abilities: Expressing ability or skill to perform an action Use of “can’t” for abilities: Expressing lack of ability or skill to perform an action Use of “have to” for obligations in present: Indicating present external necessity Use of “had to” for obligations in past: Indicating past external necessity or requirement Use of necessity with “need”: Expressing a requirement or necessity for action Use of “needn’t” for permissions: Indicating lack of necessity or optionality in action Use of question tags for modals: Seeking confirmation or agreement about ability

PERSONAL LIFE & WELL BEING Sub-themes: mobile phones and their impact on health and social life Vocabulary for mobile phones and their impact on health and social life Nouns: An advantage Verbs: To accept Adjectives: Mobile Adverbs: Definitely Conjunction: While Vocabulary for personal preferences for films and visual arts Nouns: An expression Verbs and phrases: To be a fan of Adjectives: Ordinary Adverbs: Rather The Past Simple Tense: (She texted her reply to the argument rather quickly) Used to: (We used to care for ordinary characters in older films) Past simple of “can” or “can’t” for ability: (She could avoid causing arguments when she was younger) “Shall” for suggestions: (Shall we avoid using electronic devices during the argument?) “Should” for giving advice: (You should prevent mobile distractions while studying) *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural Use of the Simple Past Tense: Describing completed actions or events in the past Use of question tags: Seeking confirmation or agreement about a past statement Use of “used to”: Expressing habitual actions or states in the past Use of the Past Simple of “can” or “can’t” for ability: Indicating abilities or lack of abilities in the past Use of polite requests with “could” and “couldn’t”: Making polite requests in formal or informal contexts Use of “shall” for suggestions: Offering suggestions or making proposals Use of “should” for giving advice: Providing recommendations or expressing opinions about what is right The new superhero film is a blockbuster hit this summer! This film will keep you on the edge of your seat!

FAMILY LIFE & HOME Sub-themes: relationships Vocabulary for relationships Nouns: A behaviour Verbs: To control Adjectives: Alone Adverbs: Alone Nouns: An arrangement Verbs: To replace Adjectives: Enormous *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural The Past Progressive Tense: (She was crying alone in her room when the guest appeared unexpectedly) Question Tags: (They invited their close relatives to the wedding Used to: (They used to communicate better when they lived in their enormous house) Adverbial Phrases of Time Place and Frequency: (They argue about typical matters in the family every evening in the living room) Use of the Past Progressive Tense: Describing ongoing actions or events in the past interrupted by another action Use of question tags: Seeking confirmation or agreement about a past statement or action Use of “used to”: Expressing past habits Use of adverbial phrases of time Sorry Don’t glue yourself to the telly when your favourite show is on! It feels so cosy in our home when we light the fireplace! T arget Phonological Sounds in Use Vowels: a: (/ae/ /aeı/ /ə/ /a:/ /eɪ/ /a/ /ɔː/ /eə/) /i:/ /ə/) Consonants: b: (/b/) /k/)

LIFE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD & CITY & SOCIAL LIFE Sub-themes: sports events in the city and rural areas Vocabulary for sports events in the city and rural areas Nouns: Equipment Verbs: To apply (for a race/competition) Adjectives: Fit Adverbs: Finally. Vocabulary for pros and cons of living in rural areas and in the city Nouns: Nature Verbs: To afford Adjectives: Natural Adverbs: Exactly Phrases: Low/high cost of living *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural The Present Perfect Tense: (They have never dealt with noise pollution in their peaceful rural environment) Question tags: (He has reached the final round of the competition Forming nouns from verbs using -ing: (Sailing is a great option for living a natural lifestyle by the coast) Use of the Present Perfect Tense: Expressing actions or events that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and have releva… Use of question tags: Seeking confirmation or agreement about an action or statement related to the present perfect Use of forming nouns from verbs using -ing: Creating gerund forms of verbs to describe activities or ongoing actions as nouns I love the peace and quiet in the countryside! The city can feel like a concrete jungle! Living close to the city is the best of both worlds! Vowel: i: (/aı/ /ı/ /i:/) Consonants: f: (/f/) /dʒ/)

LIFE IN THE WORLD AND CULTURE Sub-themes: different cooking styles and preferences in the world Nouns: A region Verbs: To burn Adjectives: Covered Adverbs: Especially Phrases: A small amount of Vocabulary for different food cultures in the world Nouns: A can Verbs: To pick Adjectives: Homemade Adverbs: Already Phrases: To put on weight *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural The Present Perfect Tense: (He has already recommended the ideal amount of sauce for the regional dessert) The Simple Past Tense: (They covered the boiling pot before the heat burned the food) Question tags: (They have recently suggested a healthy dietary choice Use of the Present Perfect Tense: Expressing actions or events that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and have releva… Use of the Simple Past Tense: Describing completed actions or events that occurred at a specific time in the past Use of the Simple Past Tense vs. the Past Progressive Tense: Comparing actions that were completed in the past with those that … Use of Question Tags for the past and present: Seeking confirmation or agreement about statements or actions related to past or… Use of Phrasal Verbs: Expressing actions or meanings using combinations of verbs and particles İstanbul is a real melting pot with so many cultures! I ran into my classmate in London. It’s a small world! The world is a global village now! (ng) Vowel: o: (/əʊ/ /ɒ/ /əʊ/) Consonants: l: (/ɛl/ /l/) /m/) /n/)

LlFE IN NATURE & GLOBAL PROBLEMS Sub-themes: natural disasters and their damage on animals and nature Vocabulary for natural disasters and their damage on animals and nature: A disaster Verbs: To shake Adverbs: Immediately Vocabulary for natural disasters and their damage on people’s lives: A charity Verbs: To avoid Adjectives: Safe Adverbs: Badly *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural Conditional 1: (If we provide immediate support to homeless people Wish clauses: (I wish the earthquake hadn’t destroyed so many homes and injured so many people) Use of conditional 1: Expressing possible future events or actions and their results based on specific conditions Use of wish clauses: Expressing regrets or desires for situations to be different in the past In the wake of the flood The flood was a wake-up call for better construction of houses! Vowel: u: (/juː/ /ʌ/ /juː/) Consonants: q: /kjuː/ /r/ (AmE.) /ɛs/ /z/) /t/)

LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE & FUTURE Sub-themes: transport in the future Vocabulary for transport in the future: An accident Verbs: To move Adjectives: Electrical Adverbs: Loudly Phrases: A sharing system Vocabulary for self-driving cars Verbs: To land Adjectives: Electronic Adverbs: Differently. Preposition: Except *National and Religious Days “23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day” “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk Youth and Sports Day” “15 July Democracy and National Unity Day” “30 August Victory Day” “Eid al-Fitr (Eid-al-Ramadan)” *Local Cultural “Be going to Future” Tense: (The airline is going to prepare an environmentally friendly route for international passengers) The Simple Future Tense (will): (Self-driving vehicles will move more efficiently and reduce traffic jams in cities) Use of “Be Going to Future” Tense: Expressing planned or intended actions or events in the near future Use of the Simple Future Tense (will): Describing spontaneous decisions Use of Question Tags for the Future: Seeking confirmation or agreement about future actions or statements Self-driving cars are like taking a ride to the future! Flying cars are here. The future is now! We’re on the fast track to the future with flying cars! Consonants: v: (/viː/ /v/) /ks/ /gz/) /j/ /ɪ/ /iː/) /ziː/ (AmE.) /z/)